Apparatus for producing artificial respiration.



W. E. TULLAR. APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL RIESPIRATION.

APR LICATION FILED APR. 14- I9I5.

Patented 0012.24, 1916.

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WILLIAM E. TULLAR, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE RESPIRATORY APPA- RATUS COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A. CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Oct. 24, 1916,

Application filed April 14, 1915. Serial N 0. 21,259.

To all whom it mag concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. TULLAR, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Producing Artificial Respiration, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an apparatus for producing artificial respiration, whereby air or oxygen or mixtures thereof may be forced into and carbon-dioxid or other waste products withdrawn from the lungs of a patient alternately, the purpose being to simulate and thereby stimulate spontaneous breathlng where respiration has ceased owing to asphyxiation or other causes.

In the use of apparatus of this character it is essential that as soon as the patient revives sufficiently to breathe spontaneously he should be given an opportunity to do so without delay. The principal defect of apparatus heretofore suggested for the purpose is that in order to allow spontaneous breathing the straps which are customarily used to hold the mouth and nose piece in position must be removed, the character of the apparatus being such that the patient is unable to breathe therethrough. This consumes an appreciable amount of time and frequently the patient, who has shown ability to breathe spontaneously, collapses before the mouth and nose piece can be removed. The reviving operation must then be repeated but is often unsuccessful. It requires expert judgment in operating such an apparatus to determine exactly when the mouth and nose piece should be removed and inasmuch as the apparatus is of necessity frequently used by inexperienced persons it will be apparent that an apparatus which allows spontaneous breathing without the removal of the mouth and nose piece attains a desirable but hitherto impossible result.

' It is the object of my invention to provide an apparatus for producing artificial respiration whereby the patient is allowed to breathe spontaneously at any instant without removing any of the parts and in which the operation of artificially supplying oxygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste products from the lungs may be instantly resumed should the patient fail to breathe spontaneously as expected.

A further object of my invention is the provision of novel means for measuring the quantities of oxygen-containing'gas which is supplied to the lungs of a particular patient. -A further object of my invention is the provision of means for preventing too rapid operation of the apparatus whereby the beneficial function thereof would be lost and the patient injured.

A still further object of my invention is the provision of a compact and durable apparatus comprising aminimum number of relatively simple and inexpensive parts.

Further objects and'advantages of my invention will be apparent as it is better understood by reference to the following specification when read in connection with the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a plan view of the apparatus; Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 22 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a detail of one of the valves.

Referring to the drawing, 1 indicates a base of any suitable form and material to which is secured a support 2 having tubular portions 3 at either end thereof. Threadedly mounted in the tubular portions 3 are the nozzles 4 of a pair of bellows 5 and 6, each comprising upper plates 7, lower plates 8 and flexible connecting means 9. The upper plates 7 arerigidly secured to the nozzles 4 and to each other by a saddle 10 while the lower plates 8 are secured to the nozzles at by means of hinges 11.

An upright 12 is secured in any suitable manner to the saddle 10 and is provided at its upper extremity with a quadrant 13 provided with a plurality of openings 14: in. which a pin 15, the function of which will presently appear, is adapted to be adjustably disposed. Pivoted at 16 on the member 12 is a bell-crank lever 17, one arm of which is provided with a hollow end 18 adapted'to receive an operating handle 19. The other end of the bell-cranklever 17 is provided with a pin 20 engaging a slot 21 in a member 22 secured in any suitable manner to the saddle 23 attached at either end to the lower plates 8 of the bellows.

The bellows 6 is intended to supply air or oxygen or mixtures thereof to the lungs of the patient while the bellows 5 is intended valved outlet and inlet. In order that the patient may breathe spontaneously through the apparatus it is necessary that these valves be extremely light and sensitive for the reason that the power exerted by the lungs of the patient, particularly when in exhausted condition, is comparatively feeble. I, therefore, provide valves comprising disks of relatively light material, preferably mica, although other materials, such as aluminium, for example, may be employed. As indicated in the drawings, the tubular por tions 3 of the support 2 are provided with internal flanges 25; leaving openings to the bellows of relatively large crosssectional area. A disk 26 of suitable material is dis posed adjacent the flanges 25 and on oppositesides thereof in the respective tubular portions 3, the disks being held in operative position by pairs of crossed wires 27. Simi lar valves, are provided inthe outlet 28 0f the bellows 5 and in the inlet 29 of the bellows'6, The inlet 29 of the bellows 6 is further providedwith a mixing valve comprising a casing 30, an air inlet 31, an oxygen supply pipe 32, which may be connected, to anyysuitable source of oxygen, and a slide valve 33 manually movable bymeans of a member 3-1 to open and closeeither the oxygen or air inlets or to partially open both of the inlets, whereby a mixture of oxygen and air is allowed to enter the-bellows 6. The member 3% moves over a scale 35 which indicates the relative position of the slide valve 33.

To limit the speed of operation of the handle 19 I provide a cylinder 36 mounted between the end member 37, secured to the base 1, and the end member 38 formed in the bridge 39, secured at eitherend to the top plates 7 of the bellows 5 and 6 and further secured to the base 1 by means of bolts 39. At either end of the cylinder 36 a port d0 of restricted cross-sectional area is provided anda screw 4:1 is so. disposed as to allow adjustment of the" area of each of the ports 4E0. A plunger comprising a member iz a nd packing members 43, secured to a plunger rod 44: by. means of the nuts 45, is disposed within the cylinder 36, the rod 44 beingconnected at its upper,end to a head 46 provided with a slot 47, which is engaged by a pin 43 in a lug 49 of the bell-crank lever 17, .Suitablefiexible connecting mem bers 50 are secured by means of couplings 51 to tlre tubular portions 3 of-the support 2 and lead to a suitable mouth and nose piece I (not shown) .welLknoWn in the art.

The operation of mydevice. will, it is believed be apparent withoutfurther descrip tion. of the structurethereof. By reciproeating the handle 19 .thebottomplates 8 of the bellows5 and 6 ar e throi gh the connecting memhers, moved up and down. As the bottom plates 8 of the bellows are moved upwardly the bellows 6 will supply air or oxygen or mixtures thereof, depending upon the position of the slide valve 33, to the lungs of the patient. Simultaneously the gas within the bellows 5 will be exhausted tient are alternately filled with air or oxygen and relieved of waste products exactly as if the patient was breathing.

As the lungs of persons of different sizes vary in capacity it is desirable that the quantity of air or oxygen supplied be carefully measured and remain constant throughout the operation of the apparatus. This is readily accomplished by means of the adjustable pin 15, which, cooperating with the lever 17, limits the movement there of and thereby allows a correspondingly limited quantity only of oxygen or air to be supplied to the lungs.

Too rapid operation of the mechanism would injure the patient and the beneficial function of the apparatus would be lost and the cylinder 36 is designed to overcome any tendency to move the handle with greater speed than is necessary. Air is trapped in the cylinder 36 behind the plunger and is allowed to escape gradually through the ports 40 as the plunger is moved in either direction. The area of the ports 40 may be adjusted at will by means of the screws 41.

It will be understood from the foregoing that I have perfected an apparatus which not only overcomes a fundamental defect in apparatus previously suggested for the purpose but which provides additional and advantageous features which have not heretofore been suggested. The use of disks of light material to control the inlets to and outlets from the bellows allows the patient to breathe directly through the apparatus since the valves areso sensitive that they may be operated without effort by the lungs of an exhausted patient. This in itself is an advance in the art which is of the greatest importance since the apparatus meetsa requirement which cannot be met by any apparatus heretofore suggested for the purpose. Furthermore, by the provision of means for limitingthe speed of operation of the apparatus I prevent injury to the patient by careless use of the apparatus by inexperienced person's. I I have found also that the particular means employed by me for measuring the quantity of oxygen or air supplied to the lungs is peculiarly adapted to accomplish 7 form hereinbefore described being merely a preferred embodiment thereof.

I claim:

1. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of means for supplying oxygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste or other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, a disk of relatively light material loosely maintained in bodily movable relation to each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternately close and open said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of the patient to permit spontaneous breathing throughsaid apparatus.

2. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of means for supplying oxygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste and other products from the lungs of a patient, manually operable means for actuating said first-mentioned means, and means for preventing the operation of said first-mentioned means beyond a predetermined rate of speed.

3. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of means for supplying oXygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste or other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, a disk of relatively light material loosely maintained in bodily movable relation to each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternately close and open said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of the patient to permit spontaneous breathing through the apparatus, means for retaining said disks in operative position, means for actuating said first-mentioned means, and an adjustable stop disposed in the path of and adapted to be engaged by said'actuating means, whereby the quantity of oxygen-containing gas delivered may be measured. 2

4. In an apparatus of the character de scribed, the combination of means for supplying oXygen-containing gas to and with drawing wasteor other products from the lungs ofa patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, a disk of "relatively light material loosely maintained in bodily movable relation to each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternately close and open said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of the patient to permit spontaneous breathing through the apparatus, means for retaining said disks in operative position, means for actuating said first-mentioned means, and a mixing valve adjacent the inlet to said gas-supplying means.

5. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of means for supplying oXygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste or other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, a disk of relatively light material disposed adjacent each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternately close and open said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of the patient to permit spontaneous breathing through the apparatus, means for retaining said disks in operative position, means for actuating said first-mentioned means, and means for limiting the speed of operation of said actuating means.

6. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of means for supplying oXygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste or other products from .the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, a disk of relatively light material disposed adjacent each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternately close and open said outlets and inlets, the wei ht of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of the patient to permit spontaneous breathing through the apparatus, means for retaining said disks in operative position, means for actuating said first-mentioned means, means for limiting the speed of operation of said actuating means, and an adjustable stop disposed in the path of said actuating means, whereby the quantity of oxygen-containing gas delivered may be measured.

7. In an apparatus of the character de-' scribed, the combination of a base, a'pair of bellows mounted thereon and adapted respectively to supply oxygen-containing gas to and withdraw waste and other products from the lungs of a patient, manually operable means for actuating said bellows, and means for preventing the operation of said bellows beyond a predetermined rate of speed. i

8. In an apparatus of the character de scribed, the combination of means for supplying oXygen-containing gas to andwithdrawing waste and other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, valves in said outlets and inlets, means for actuating said first-mentioned means, and means for preventing the operation of said first-mentioned means beyond a predetermined rate of speed.

.9. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a pair of bellows for supplying oxygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste or other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said bellows, a disk of relatively light material loosely maintained in bodily movable relation to each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternately open and close said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operableby the lungs of: the patient to'permit spontaneous breathing through the apparatus, means for retaining said valves in operative position, a pivoted lever, connections between said lever and bellows, whereby said bellows are actuated, a fixedly mounted member adjacent said lever, and adjustable means thereon to cooperate with said lever to limit the movement thereof.

10. In an apparatus of thecharacter de scribed, the combination of a pair ofbellows for supplying oxygen-containing 'gas'to and withdrawing waste or'other products from the lungs of a' patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said bellows, a disk of relatively light material disposed adjacent each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternatelyopen and close said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of the patient to permit spontaneous breathing' through the apparatus, means for retaining said alves in operative position, a

pivoted lever, connections between said lever and bellows, whereby said bellows are actuated, and means for limiting the speed of operation of said lever.

11:. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination ofa pair of bellows for supplying oxygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste 'or other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said bellows, a disk of relatively light material disposed adjacent each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternately open'and close said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of the patient to permit spontaneous breathing through the apparatus, means for retaining said valves in operative position, a pivoted lever, connections between said lever and bellows, whereby said bellows are actuated, a cylinder having a port of limited cross-sectional area at either end, and a plunger disposed in said cylinder and operatively connected to said lever, wherebythe speed of operation of said lever is limited.

12. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a pair of bellows for supplying oxygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste or other products from thelungs of a' patient, an outlet from and an' inlet to each of said bellows, a disk of let to said gas supplying bellows.

relatively light material loosely maintained in bodily movable relation to each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternately open and close said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of the patient to permit spontaneous breathing through the apparatus, means for re taining said valves in operative position, a pivoted lever, connections between said lever and bellows, whereby said bellows are actuated, and a mixing valve adjacent the in- 18. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a base, a pair of bellows mounted thereon, each provided with an outlet and an inlet, a disk of rela tively light material disposed in each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternately close and open the same, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of the patient to permit spontaneous breathing through the apparatus, means for retaining said disks in operative position, a fixed support, a lever pivotally mounted thereon, connections between said lever and bellows whereby the latter are actuated, adjustable means on said support to limit the movementof said lever, a cylinder mounted on'said base and provided with adjustable ports of restricted cross-sectional area at either end, a plunger in said cylinder, and connections between said plunger and lever, whereby the speed of operation of said lever is limited.

14. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of means for supplying oXygen-containing gas to and with drawing waste and other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, a disk of relatively light material loosely maintained in bodily movable relation to each of said outlets and inlets and adapted toalternately close and open said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of the patient to permit spontaneous breathing through the apparatus, means for retaining said disks in operative position, means for actuating said first-mentioned means, means for limiting the speed of operation thereof, and means for limiting the movement of said first-mentioned means, whereby the quantity of oxygen-containing gas delivered may be measured.

15. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of means for supplying oXygen-containing gas to and with drawing waste or other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, a disk of relatively light material loosely maintained in bodily movable relation to each of said out lets and inlets and adapted to alternately close and open said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readily operable by the lungs of a patient to permit spontaneous breathing through said apparatus, means for actuating said first-mentioned means, and adjustable means for limiting the range, of movement thereof.

16. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of means for supplying oXygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste or other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, valves in said inlets and outlets, a pivoted lever for actuating said means, and means for limiting the speed of operation of said lever.

17. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of means for supplying oXygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste or other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, a disk of relatively light material loosely disposed in bodily movable relation to each of said outlets and inlets and adapted to alternately open and close said outlets and inlets, the weight of said disks being such that they are readilyoperable by the lungs of a patient to permit spontaneous breathing through said apparatus, a pivoted lever for actuating said means, a fixed member, and an adjustable stop mounted thereonand adapted to limit the movement of said lever.

18. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of means for supplying oxygen-containing gas to and withdrawing waste and other products from the lungs of a patient, an outlet from and an inlet to each of said means, valves in said inlets and outlets, a pivoted lever for actuating said means, a cylinder having ports of restricted cross-sectional area at either end, a plunger in said cylinder, and connections between said plunger and lever, whereby the speed of operation of the latter is limited.

WILLIAM E. TULLAR.

Witnesses:

ERNEST H. MERCHANT, W. T. WESTERBERG.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commiss oner of Patents,

Washington, D. G. 

